Discover how Satoshi Tajiri’s Autism Spectrum traits shaped the creation of Pokémon. An inspiring story of focus, imagination, and world-changing innovation every parent and gamer should read.

Satoshi Tajiri: The Visionary Behind Pokémon

Satoshi Tajiri, the visionary creator of Pokémon, has forever altered the landscape of gaming and popular culture through his unparalleled creativity and innovation. This Personality Report of Satoshi Tajiri explores the deep well of imagination, focus, and resilience that fueled his journey, framed through the lens of Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors. Although there has never been a formal public clinical diagnosis, many credible accounts suggest that Tajiri exhibits traits consistent with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). His intense passion for insects, immersive focus on arcade gaming, and meticulous world-building reflect hallmark characteristics of high-functioning autism. Understanding the Satoshi Tajiri personality reveals how unique cognitive wiring can transcend conventional limitations and give rise to one of the most beloved entertainment phenomena in history.

Personality Report of Satoshi Tajiri: The Autism-Fueled Genius Behind Pokémon

From his childhood days of bug collecting in rural Japan to crafting an expansive universe where creatures like Pikachu and Bulbasaur could roam free, Satoshi Tajiri’s life embodies the transformative power of specialized passion and visionary thinking. His probable experience on the autism spectrum, marked by singular focus, creativity, and an alternative approach to communication and design, became the foundation upon which he built the world of Pokémon. This Personality Report of Satoshi Tajiri invites readers to journey beyond the fame and into the remarkable psychological attributes that shaped a global empire. Continue reading to uncover how deep focus, imaginative resilience, and neurodiverse brilliance created a universe that continues to capture hearts and minds across generations.

Quiet Empathy and Symbolic Connection (Warmth) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri exhibits a relatively low degree of warmth in traditional social or expressive terms, scoring a modest 2 out of 5. However, this does not indicate a lack of empathy — rather, it reflects how his emotional engagement manifests through symbolic, creative, and conceptual means rather than through interpersonal affection or typical extroversion.

Throughout his life, Tajiri has been described as intensely private and emotionally contained. He rarely gives interviews and is known to avoid the spotlight, preferring his creations to speak for him. In the Cattell framework, warmth reflects a person’s capacity for social closeness and affectionate exchange, traits that Tajiri expresses less directly. Instead, his creations — most notably Pokémon — function as emotional surrogates, imbued with moral symbolism, companionship, and a subtle call for harmony with nature.

The Pokémon world is not just a game but a philosophy — one where players build relationships, protect creatures, and nurture progress through kindness and exploration. These thematic elements suggest that Tajiri possesses empathy and moral depth, but channels it through systems, narratives, and imaginative ecosystems. Rather than expressing love through conversation, he built a world where millions could experience love through gameplay.

His creative process is similarly introspective. Reports from those who worked with him at Game Freak describe Tajiri as deeply focused, minimally expressive, but never unkind. His emotional world is protected, structured, and filtered — which aligns with many traits common in neurodivergent individuals who prefer abstract or creative outlets for emotional expression.

In summary, Tajiri’s warmth is quiet, encoded, and indirect. It is visible in the systems he creates, the values embedded in them, and the universal experiences they facilitate — especially for children, outsiders, and dreamers. Though not socially demonstrative, his care is coded into one of the most beloved universes of our time.

Inventive Intelligence and Systemic Vision (Reasoning) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri’s most defining trait is arguably his extraordinary reasoning ability. Scoring the maximum 5 out of 5 in this dimension, he demonstrates exceptional intellectual aptitude, abstract thinking, and problem-solving — all of which were instrumental in conceptualizing and executing the Pokémon franchise. Cattell’s definition of this trait emphasizes cognitive sharpness, logical structuring, and inventive capability, all areas where Tajiri has excelled with distinction.

Pokémon is not just a game — it’s a complex world built on interlocking systems: type advantages, turn-based strategy, ecosystem logic, and evolutionary mechanics. The game rewards not brute force, but observation, planning, and a deep understanding of relationships. These core mechanics mirror Tajiri’s own cognitive structure — deeply systemic, methodical, and rooted in strategic foresight.

Before creating Pokémon, Tajiri was known for dissecting arcade games and writing in-depth analyses in his Game Freak magazine. His fascination with how systems work — from insect behavior in nature to arcade AI — reveals a mind that doesn’t just play games, but deconstructs and reimagines them. He sees patterns where others see chaos, and possibilities where others see limitations.

His reasoning ability also helped him bridge the gap between technology and psychology. Pokémon was not just about digital creatures — it was about building emotional engagement through mechanical rules. The choice to design Pokémon as collectible, evolvable, and trainable beings reflects a deep understanding of behavioral psychology and player motivation.

In short, Tajiri’s reasoning skill is not purely technical — it is visionary reasoning, enabling him to architect an entire mythos from scratch and ensure it could scale across generations, cultures, and media platforms. It is this unparalleled cognitive precision that transformed a bug-collecting childhood hobby into a multibillion-dollar legacy.

Internal Focus and Controlled Expression (Emotional Stability) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri reflects a moderate degree of emotional stability, scoring 3 out of 5. In Cattell’s system, this trait relates to one’s ability to remain calm, composed, and resistant to stress or emotional volatility. Tajiri’s emotional regulation appears to come not from expressive flexibility, but from deep internal structuring and purposeful focus.

Though very little is known about his personal emotional world, Tajiri’s life work and behavioral patterns suggest a man who operates in a self-contained emotional environment. Rather than reacting to social expectations or media pressure, he has historically removed himself from public scrutiny — a strategy that both reflects and supports emotional regulation. This approach may indicate structured emotional compartmentalization, common in neurodivergent individuals who prefer routines and low-stimulation environments to maintain balance.

Accounts from colleagues at Game Freak describe Tajiri as highly focused, sometimes obsessively so, with a tendency to work in solitude for extended periods. This kind of single-task dedication often requires emotional discipline — the ability to tune out distractions, both external and internal. It suggests that while he may experience internal pressure, he manages it through repetition, environment control, and focus.

However, Tajiri’s avoidance of public life and delegation of leadership roles after Pokémon’s rise may reflect an aversion to emotionally complex or high-stakes interpersonal scenarios. He is likely more comfortable in controlled environments with low social demand, where his internal state can remain undisturbed.

In essence, Tajiri’s emotional stability doesn’t emerge from sociability or expressiveness, but from internal organization, control over his work ecosystem, and an ability to retreat from overstimulation. His equilibrium is guarded, but reliable — and perfectly suited to his chosen path.

Structured Thinking and Ethical Consistency (Rule-Consciousness) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri ranks very high in rule-consciousness, scoring a full 5 out of 5. This trait, as defined by Cattell, refers to a person’s inclination to follow internal principles, societal norms, and personal codes of ethics. Tajiri’s unwavering dedication to the creative and moral foundations of the Pokémon franchise is a prime indicator of his high structural and ethical alignment.

One of the most notable examples of Tajiri’s rule-consciousness is his determination to avoid violence in Pokémon. Despite the industry trend toward action-heavy or aggressive games, he chose to emphasize capturing, training, and evolving creatures — not harming or killing them. This philosophical stance wasn’t just aesthetic; it was rooted in a strong moral principle that children should engage with themes of growth and cooperation, not destruction.

His early fascination with insects and ecosystems also played a part in this ethical alignment. Tajiri reportedly felt that children were losing touch with nature and wanted to restore that connection through the medium of play. This sense of educational purpose — guiding players toward curiosity, empathy, and responsibility — is itself a form of rule-guided value transmission.

In his leadership at Game Freak, Tajiri was also known for his high expectations regarding the consistency and purity of Pokémon’s vision. He was deeply resistant to compromising game mechanics for market trends, reflecting a personality rooted in long-term values rather than short-term gains. His decisions were not impulsive; they were carefully aligned with a personal blueprint for ethical and creative integrity.

In essence, Tajiri’s rule-consciousness is not rigidity for its own sake — it is a guiding force that allows him to build worlds that are coherent, meaningful, and enduring. His structured thinking and values-driven approach have helped preserve Pokémon’s soul through decades of cultural shifts.

Focused Intensity Over Playful Expressiveness (Liveliness) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri ranks very low in liveliness, with a score of 1 out of 5. In Cattell’s model, this trait reflects social spontaneity, playfulness, and a carefree disposition. Tajiri’s public and professional behavior indicates a serious, highly focused personality that values depth, structure, and solitude over social energy or whimsical behavior.

Though the Pokémon universe he created is vibrant and full of joy, Tajiri himself is not known for outward exuberance. He rarely participates in interviews or events and maintains a low public profile. His creative energy is inward — channeled into systems and design, not social performance. This makes him an archetype of the quiet builder: someone who shapes entire worlds from behind the curtain without needing to inject their personal presence into the spotlight.

In work settings, reports describe Tajiri as methodical and emotionally neutral. He is not someone who seeks out small talk, engages in humor for its own sake, or enjoys unstructured group interaction. His passion is intense, but it’s applied to his craft, not to interpersonal play or light-hearted engagement.

Ironically, the Pokémon world is full of the kind of charm and delight that Tajiri himself may not outwardly express — suggesting he understands playfulness deeply, even if he doesn’t embody it behaviorally. This speaks to a design empathy that allows him to build for others what he himself may not emotionally display.

In summary, Satoshi Tajiri’s low liveliness should not be mistaken for lack of imagination. Rather, it reflects a disciplined, introspective mind more comfortable in internal worlds than external excitement. His seriousness is his superpower — enabling focused innovation rather than fleeting stimulation.

Reclusive Genius and Minimal Exposure (Social Boldness) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri scores very low on social boldness, rating just 1 out of 5. In Cattell’s framework, this trait measures one’s ease and confidence in public or unfamiliar social settings. Tajiri’s near-total avoidance of the spotlight, interviews, and public recognition clearly reflects a preference for privacy, minimal exposure, and intense focus away from social performance.

Despite creating one of the most universally recognized franchises in the world, Tajiri remains a mystery to the public. Unlike many other game designers or CEOs, he has never made himself a visible brand. This reclusiveness is not mere shyness — it’s a strategic choice aligned with his introverted personality and possibly his neurodivergent wiring, which favors quiet concentration over high-stimulation environments.

Colleagues have noted that Tajiri is most effective when working independently or in structured, one-on-one settings. Large meetings, spontaneous brainstorming sessions, or media events likely cause him considerable discomfort. His retreat from public life after Pokémon’s rise to global dominance further reinforces this profile — he handed over leadership to others and receded into the creative backend.

Importantly, this low social boldness does not equate to weakness or indecisiveness. On the contrary, Tajiri’s decisions show strong convictions and high self-reliance. He simply prefers to operate from the shadows, where control and clarity are optimized.

In summary, Satoshi Tajiri’s low social boldness is part of what preserved the integrity of his vision. It allowed him to focus on ideas rather than image, mechanics rather than marketing. In doing so, he created a legacy that speaks louder than any press conference ever could.

Design Empathy and Indirect Emotional Expression (Sensitivity) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri demonstrates a moderate degree of sensitivity, scoring 3 out of 5 in this trait. In Cattell’s framework, sensitivity encompasses emotional awareness, responsiveness to beauty, and a concern for others’ feelings. Though Tajiri is not emotionally expressive in a conventional interpersonal sense, his deep design empathy and symbolic storytelling reflect emotional complexity.

The Pokémon universe is a strong indicator of Tajiri’s sensitive disposition. Its themes — friendship, evolution, loyalty, peaceful coexistence — resonate across age groups and cultures. The fact that the game consistently avoids cruelty or violence speaks to a creator who understands the emotional experience of the user, even if he doesn’t outwardly emote himself.

As a child fascinated by insects, Tajiri would spend hours observing them without disturbing their natural behaviors. This early trait — an ability to quietly attune to non-verbal life — reflects sensory-driven empathy. Rather than seeking emotional stimulation through people, Tajiri found it in patterns, nature, and systems — where emotional resonance was implicit rather than verbal.

That said, Tajiri is not known for being emotionally open in work settings. His communication is functional, direct, and often neutral. He doesn’t seek to manage others’ feelings or disclose his own, which may limit traditional expressions of warmth or relational closeness. Still, his ability to emotionally connect through ideas, world-building, and interactive storytelling speaks to a non-traditional form of sensitivity — one that is symbolic and thoughtful rather than interpersonal.

In summary, while Tajiri may not be emotionally demonstrative, his creations reveal a heartful awareness of connection, meaning, and emotional safety. His sensitivity is quiet, filtered through aesthetics, systems, and the stories he chooses to tell.

Protective Focus and Design Integrity (Vigilance) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri exhibits a moderate level of vigilance, scoring 3 out of 5. In Cattell’s system, vigilance refers to skepticism, cautiousness, and wariness of others’ motives. Tajiri’s approach to collaboration and decision-making reveals a healthy balance between trust and protectiveness, particularly when it comes to safeguarding his creative work.

From the early days of Game Freak, Tajiri was known for being highly cautious about partnerships and commercialization. He is protective of Pokémon’s core principles — resisting monetization gimmicks and aggressive branding that could erode the franchise’s philosophical integrity. This level of discernment suggests a mindset that is attuned to risk, especially when others seek control over his intellectual property.

However, Tajiri is not overtly distrustful or combative. He formed successful partnerships with Nintendo and eventually entrusted colleagues like Junichi Masuda with leadership responsibilities. These decisions show that while he is selective in trust, he can delegate when alignment and loyalty are clear.

In team settings, his vigilance likely translates into observational quietness and limited emotional vulnerability. He watches, processes, and engages only when necessary — not out of paranoia, but to maintain creative control and emotional clarity.

In summary, Tajiri’s vigilance is strategic rather than suspicious. It shields his work from dilution while allowing selective collaboration with those who respect his vision. He guards what matters — not from fear, but from conviction.

Imaginative Systems and World-Building Genius (Abstractedness) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri scores a full 5 out of 5 in abstractedness, reflecting his extraordinary ability to conceptualize, design, and expand complex imaginary worlds. In Cattell’s 16PF, abstractedness refers to the tendency to be imaginative, idea-oriented, and mentally exploratory — traits that define nearly every aspect of Tajiri’s career and personality.

His original inspiration for Pokémon — collecting bugs as a child and imagining ecosystems where each creature had a purpose — demonstrates conceptual divergence from conventional play. Rather than simply playing games, Tajiri envisioned ways to reengineer the logic of exploration, bonding, and growth through interactive systems. This level of thought reflects not only abstractedness, but narrative architecture.

Pokémon is more than entertainment; it is a reflection of an entire cognitive landscape. It includes evolution mechanics, type-match hierarchies, lore, mythology, and even moral themes — all carefully interwoven to support an emergent experience that evolves with the player. Tajiri doesn’t just create — he sculpts immersive logic-driven fantasy that reflects a mind fully comfortable with imagination, pattern, and metaphor.

His ability to ideate without needing external feedback is also telling. Unlike many creators who test their ideas constantly through social validation, Tajiri is able to develop entire universes in solitude — a trait common to visionaries whose minds thrive on internal exploration rather than consensus.

In summary, Satoshi Tajiri’s high abstractedness is his creative engine. It allows him to bridge childlike wonder with systems theory, fantasy with psychology, and nostalgia with futurism — a fusion that continues to power one of the most iconic brands of all time.

Reclusive Authenticity and Selective Disclosure (Privateness) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri ranks very high in privateness, earning a full 5 out of 5 on this trait. Cattell defines privateness as the extent to which a person conceals thoughts, feelings, and personal life from others. Tajiri’s entire public persona — or rather, the lack of one — is an emblem of extreme selectivity in self-disclosure.

He is famously reclusive, with very few interviews, almost no media appearances, and a reluctance to discuss anything outside of his work. Even at the height of Pokémon’s success, he chose to remain behind the scenes, allowing others to handle the brand’s publicity while he focused on concept development. His worldview appears to be shaped by a belief that authenticity does not require visibility.

This strong preference for privacy may stem from both personality and neurodiversity. Individuals on the autism spectrum often experience heightened discomfort in unpredictable social settings, preferring to maintain psychological and sensory boundaries. Tajiri’s guardedness seems not rooted in insecurity, but in intentional boundary-setting — a way to preserve his focus and emotional safety.

In creative terms, this trait grants him immense freedom. Without the noise of public scrutiny, he is able to refine ideas on his own terms, away from external expectations or social performance. However, it also creates a sense of mystery — many fans know the Pokémon brand intimately, but know little of the man behind it.

Ultimately, Tajiri’s high privateness is a pillar of his discipline and resilience. It allows him to live, create, and protect his values without compromising his inner space or diluting his intent.

Low Self-Doubt, High Internal Validation (Apprehension) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri scores low in apprehension, with a rating of 2 out of 5. This trait in the 16PF model reflects levels of self-doubt, guilt, and emotional insecurity. Tajiri’s career path and personality indicate a person with high internal validation, minimal need for reassurance, and the courage to defy convention.

Bringing Pokémon to life was not a straightforward journey. Tajiri faced years of rejection, funding difficulties, and skepticism from both corporate backers and industry peers. Yet he persisted with remarkable conviction, believing deeply in the value of his ideas. His ability to push through resistance without emotional unraveling reflects confidence rooted in purpose, not in the approval of others.

There are no reports of Tajiri second-guessing his work based on external criticism. Instead, he seems to process feedback analytically, adjusting only when it aligns with his vision. This shows a low tendency toward emotional rumination — a key indicator of low apprehension.

In emotionally charged or uncertain situations, he appears to withdraw rather than react. Rather than internalizing rejection or projecting anxiety, he uses solitude and project focus as self-stabilizing mechanisms. His mental clarity under pressure suggests a stable sense of worth that doesn’t fluctuate with praise or disapproval.

In summary, Satoshi Tajiri’s low apprehension has been essential in sustaining his innovation over time. It keeps him anchored in his inner compass, allowing him to make bold, often unorthodox decisions with unwavering resolve.

Creative Flexibility with Philosophical Core (Openness to Change) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri scores high in openness to change, earning a 4 out of 5 in this factor. Cattell defines this trait as receptiveness to new ideas, innovation, and a readiness to challenge tradition. While Tajiri is rule-conscious and structured, he is also a conceptual risk-taker who constantly reshapes norms within his philosophical framework.

The very foundation of Pokémon was a radical idea — a game that moved away from violence and competition for dominance, and toward exploration, collection, and emotional connection. This model challenged traditional gaming structures and introduced a new play philosophy centered on empathy and gradual mastery. Tajiri’s willingness to break convention while maintaining internal consistency is the hallmark of evolved creativity.

Within the Pokémon franchise, Tajiri supported innovation such as trading between consoles, introducing new types, and even embracing early multiplayer interactions — a precursor to modern online gaming. These were not superficial updates; they were structural expansions of his vision, aligned with the psychology of connection and exploration.

However, Tajiri’s openness to change is not reactive. He doesn’t shift directions based on trends or external pressure. Instead, his flexibility is philosophically anchored — he adapts only when it enhances the core experience. This is why Pokémon, even after decades, retains its identity while continuing to evolve technologically and narratively.

In essence, Tajiri embraces innovation within guardrails. He is a reformer, not a disruptor — someone who adapts intelligently, ensuring every change serves a meaningful purpose.

Independent Vision and Creative Autonomy (Self-Reliance) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri exhibits a very high level of self-reliance, scoring a full 5 out of 5 on this trait. In Cattell’s 16PF, self-reliance refers to an individual’s tendency to operate independently, make autonomous decisions, and maintain a sense of internal direction regardless of group input or social influence. Tajiri’s entire career has been a testament to solitary vision and self-driven execution.

From launching Game Freak as a self-published magazine to conceptualizing Pokémon on his own terms, Tajiri has consistently pursued creative paths that reflected his inner world rather than external market demand. While many designers work within teams or established frameworks, Tajiri’s foundational work is marked by long periods of independent ideation and self-paced development.

Colleagues and partners have noted that he often worked in isolation, disappearing for extended periods to perfect design elements or logic flows. His preference for working alone is not due to a lack of collaboration skills, but a result of his deep focus and personal process. He needs space to build systems from scratch, test them mentally, and emerge with something cohesive.

Even as Pokémon grew into a global brand, Tajiri delegated outward-facing responsibilities and remained behind the scenes — suggesting he prefers control over content rather than public attention. His independence is tied to his values and ability to preserve vision without dilution.

In summary, Satoshi Tajiri’s high self-reliance allowed him to manifest a franchise of enormous cultural magnitude without compromising his creative identity. He is the model of an autonomous innovator — quietly prolific, internally resourced, and impervious to the need for constant external input.

Detail Mastery and Systemic Refinement (Perfectionism) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri earns a full 5 out of 5 in perfectionism, indicating an extremely high standard for order, detail, and system accuracy. In the 16PF model, perfectionism relates to organization, meticulousness, and concern for doing things the “right” way. Tajiri’s work habits and design legacy reflect a relentless pursuit of functional and aesthetic precision.

The original Pokémon games were not only groundbreaking but mechanically dense and perfectly balanced. Type effectiveness, evolutionary progression, trading logic, character design — all integrated to work in harmony. This reflects not just creativity, but obsessive system refinement. Tajiri was known for being hands-on with these mechanics, often revisiting ideas repeatedly to ensure coherence.

He also reportedly spent countless hours prototyping without deadlines, often disappearing into development silos until a feature worked exactly as intended. While this drew concern at times from collaborators, the end result was always worth the wait — systems that felt polished, immersive, and intuitively satisfying.

This perfectionist trait is also visible in his resistance to monetization shortcuts or stylistic compromises. Tajiri insisted on slow-burn storytelling, naturalistic creature designs, and earned progression. His concern wasn’t merely for success, but for doing justice to the vision he believed in.

In essence, Tajiri’s perfectionism is not paralyzing but productive. It fuels innovation that endures. Through this lens, Pokémon is not just a commercial success — it’s a case study in obsessive but meaningful craftsmanship.

Internal Pressure and Sensory Regulation (Tension) in Satoshi Tajiri

Satoshi Tajiri reflects a moderate level of tension, scoring 3 out of 5. In Cattell’s model, tension measures an individual’s baseline level of stress, frustration, and inner restlessness. While Tajiri is not known for emotional volatility, his work rhythms and reclusive lifestyle suggest the presence of internal pressures and sensory sensitivities that require careful management.

Tajiri’s developmental history — including autism spectrum traits — suggests that he likely experiences heightened sensory input and cognitive saturation, especially in overstimulating environments. These stressors may not manifest externally, but they are managed through environmental control, structured routines, and avoidance of unpredictable social settings.

While there’s no public record of Tajiri experiencing breakdowns or burnout, his need for long periods of isolation during development suggests a creative process that is as much about navigating pressure as it is about pursuing flow. His tendency to work in obsessive cycles, isolate for long durations, and withdraw from the public eye implies a personality that feels most at peace in controlled solitude.

It’s also worth noting that Tajiri did not chase fame or leadership roles post-Pokémon’s success. This decision may reflect a preference to limit external demands and emotional strain, focusing instead on what he can best control — the internal logic of his creative systems.

In sum, Tajiri’s tension is not destabilizing, but it is present and requires careful regulation. It acts as a quiet fuel for perfection, while also reinforcing the boundaries he needs to create sustainably and authentically.

Satoshi Tajiri’s personality profile reveals a brilliant yet enigmatic figure — a man driven by autonomous vision, rule-guided creativity, and structured emotional control. Through the lens of Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors, we see a high-scoring innovator in domains such as reasoning, self-reliance, perfectionism, abstractedness, and rule-consciousness. These traits allowed him not only to imagine Pokémon, but to engineer it with enduring integrity and psychological depth.

His lower scores in liveliness, social boldness, and privateness don’t hinder his influence — they redirect it inward, fueling a design philosophy rooted in consistency, meaning, and purpose. Tajiri’s legacy is proof that you don’t have to be loud to lead, or socially extroverted to change the world. His personality stands as an example of how quiet intensity, when paired with vision and discipline, can result in cultural transformation on a global scale.

Would you like to understand your own strengths through the same lens used to analyze Satoshi Tajiri? Take the Cattell 16 Personality Factors (16PF) test and explore how your traits compare. You might be surprised to find that your inner world carries the seeds of something revolutionary — just like the creator of Pokémon.